Double trouble for tumours: Exploiting the tumour microenvironment to enhance anticancer effect of oncolytic viruses

De Silva, Naomi; Atkins, Harold; Kirn, David H.; Bell, John C.; Breitbach, Caroline J.

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.02.007

« Previous Next »Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
Volume 21, Issue 2 , Pages 135-141, April 2010

Double trouble for tumours: Exploiting the tumour microenvironment to enhance anticancer effect of oncolytic viruses

Naomi De Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Harold Atkins
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
David H. Kirn
- Jennerex Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
John C. Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Jennerex Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
Caroline J. Breitbach
- Jennerex Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA

published online 26 March 2010.

Abstract

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are selected based on their ability to eliminate malignancies by direct infection and lysis of cancer cells. Originally, OVs were designed to target malignancies by taking advantage of the defects of cancer cells observed in vitro. Subsequent analysis of virus delivery and spread in vivo has demonstrated that the tumour microenvironment can impede the ability of OVs to effectively infect and spread. Despite this limitation, it is becoming increasingly evident that OVs are also able to take advantage of certain features of the tumour microenvironment. Currently, a growing body of the literature is delineating the complex interaction between OVs and the tumour microenvironment that results in an additional therapeutic activity; these viruses are able to target malignancies by rapidly altering the tumour microenvironment into a milieu that potentiates anticancer activity. Herein, we discuss strategies that capitalize on the multifaceted relationship between OVs and host–tumour interactions that enhance the toxicity of OVs to the tumour microenvironment.